Common Vaccinations in Infants and ChildrenA Brief Review

Abstract

There is an increasing worldwide realization that immunization uptakerates in children and infants are less than required for adequate control of vaccine preventable diseases. Vaccinesconsists of attenuated, inactivated or killed organisms modified toxins or subunits. Goodvaccines are simple to administer, free of toxic components and induces permanent immunity.Childhood vaccinations not only protect a child from deadly diseases like polio, tetanus anddiphtheria but also prevents its spread to other children. Various vaccination programs areconducted in community hospitals and even private hospitals near us. Common vaccines inpresent scenario are BCG vaccine, Poliomyelitis vaccine, diphtheria vaccine, pertussis vaccine,tetanus vaccine, measles vaccine, MMR vaccine, Hepatitis B vaccine, varicella vaccine typhoidvaccine etc. The word “vaccine” originates from the Latin Variolae vaccine (cowpox), whichEdward Jenner explained in 1798 might stop variola major. ‘Vaccine’ means all or any biological preparations, made from living organisms, that enhance immunityagainst malady and either stop or, in some cases, treat illness. The vaccines described are about BCG vaccine, OPV vaccine,Hepatitis B vaccine, DTaP and DTwP vaccine, Hemophilus Influenza B vaccine, Rota virusvaccine, MMR vaccine, MR vaccine, Pneumoccal vaccine, Japanese B vaccine, Typhoid vaccineand Varicella vaccine