International Journal of Philosophy and Languages (IJPL)

Systematic Review of Urban Palimpsest and Collective Memory in Fiction: A Study with Reference to Delhi City

Girish Kumar, Manjula K. T. — Fri, 30 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: A palimpsest is a parchment manuscript that has been modified or changed yet still retains traces of its original composition. Palimpsest refers to a greatly condensed rendition of an older document. In today's world, chronological remembrance is not what it used to be. It used to bind a culture's or people's relationship to its ancient era, but the border between past and present was tougher and more stable than it appears to be now. In ways that were unimaginable in previous centuries, history has become a part of the present. As a result, worldly constraints have been harmed, while the pragmatic portion of freedom has been strengthened as a result of current transportation and communication technologies. Even in modernism, literary writings have been unable to overcome their palimpsestic nature, and the philological dilemma of incompatible editions has always distinguished literature from constructions or monuments. The palimpsest genre is naturally literary and linked compositions.

Design: The secondary data acquired from educational websites and written publications are used in the Review of Literature. Research sources like google scholar, research Gate, SSRN, Elsevier, Academia, and Shodhganga are used for identifying the research gap. Doctoral thesis, and websites are used in the study. To highlight the key aspects of the research, ABCD Analysis is used Qualitative research is conducted using the keywords "palimpsest, manuscript, historical memory, literature, borders" found in online articles, peer-reviewed journals, publications, and a variety of linked portals.

Findings: This review of literature explores the palimpsest concept used with the landscape of Delhi, its history, and literature as a palimpsest. Many literary works represent Delhi as a location, including descriptions of the city's art, architecture, and monuments, as well as the city's historic past. This literature analysis aims to look at critical responses to the fictional portrayal of Delhi as a palimpsest. Delhi was never one city, but a collection of them. It, too, never lived in a single era, but rather in several. On these lines, not only were the numerous urban manipulations worked on this palimpsest, including the idiosyncrasies of British and imperial Delhi, discrete and special on it inhabited the space of landscape and memory, but so were the successive 'cities' of Delhi.

Research implications: This research focuses on creating a fictional palimpsestic vision of Delhi. The research will also lead to an investigation of a nation's collective memory, which will pave the way for tracking the nationalistic impulses associated with the city. These nationalistic impulses are a global phenomenon that evolved in most of the world's countries in the mid-twentieth century and made their presence clear. The most powerful feelings have been nationalistic feelings. It is a set of beliefs, feelings, and passions shared by inhabitants of a given country.

Originality: This Review of Literature presents a study of Delhi as a palimpsest city. Delhi is a unique metropolis that not only resists typical metanarratives but also serves as an exemplary embodiment of spatial and temporal reality as articulated in city planning. To understand a nation’s memories, one must be aware of collective memory. Its objective is a fundamental comprehension of the identity and viewpoint of their nation. Although nations do not have memories, their citizens do, and these memories frequently feature recurring themes.

Paper Type: A review paper.

Shielding Transgender Persons: An Analysis of Transgender Rights in India

Haripriya R. J. Nair, Manjula K. T. — Mon, 24 Oct 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: Indian society is undoubtedly known for its lawfulness and strict observance of legal principles. But socially constructed norms about gender in India displaces many sections outside the gender binaries as outcaste and such a placement of gender fluidity outside the mainstream can damage the legality of India. Only a genuine awareness and recognition of laws and rights of each section can ensure proper functioning of government. But the stark reality in India, as in many other parts is that people are unaware of or fail to observe the basic rights of different sections. Transgender community is one of the important sections facing extreme level of legal discrimination from public. Traditionally believed and followed notions about transgender community hinder people from considering them as normal. They are always positioned as the other in terms of the gender. This kind of otherness felt by transgender from their own society often turns into a weapon capable of destroying their very existence. Thus there is a growing necessity to educate the masses about the basic rights and legal protection offered by Indian constitution for such a community. An earnest attempt to accommodate such a class as normal and not as the other should come from every citizen who are part of a democratic country like India. Thus the paper entitled ‘Shielding Transgender Persons: An Analysis of Transgender Rights in India ‘attempts to highlight the legal rights of gender minorities thereby creating proper attention to the same.

Design: The article is prepared by collecting information from secondary sources such as peer-reviewed journals, National and International Publications. Internet sources, and research sources like Google Scholar, Research Gate, SSRN, Elsevier, Academia, and Shodhganga are used for identifying the research gap. To highlight the key aspects of the research ABCD analysis is used. Data is acquired from research journals, doctoral theses, scholarly articles, and websites to carry out the research that has been proposed. Concentrating on the keywords Transgender, Transgender in India, Transgender Rights, Legality, and Lawfulness, Gender fluidity, Gender Binaries, of the chosen topic, the methodology used depends mostly on collecting, analyzing, and interpreting previous knowledge. The textual analysis and comparative method will be used in the methodology. There will be a close reading of the select works of Transgender writers followed by discussions on related issues. Writing research papers and participating in conferences on the subject are also aimed at. While conducting the analyses of the study, APA Manual has been followed to adhere to its requirements.

Findings: It has been found out that limited study is available regarding the real rights of transgender population in India, thus a paper discussing the legal protection offered for such a minority in India is very essential for educating public about the need to provide humane treatment for such a class within the gender divisions.

Originality: The proposed study focuses primarily on the constitutional rights offered to the transgender community in India and the measure of its realization by different gender sections. An awareness created through this paper which manages to be an original one about the rights for such a community is primarily intended to ensure safe and secure survival of Indian transgender. Equal treatment of different gender categories is a must for any society aiming to be democratic in its principles and procedures.

Paper Type: Research Article

Why is it Called Doctor of Philosophy and Why Choosing Appropriate Research Philosophical Paradigm is Indispensable During Ph.D. Program in India?

H. R. Ganesha, Aithal P. S. — Thu, 27 Oct 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: A scholarly description, explanation, and claim about reality and a piece of complete knowledge about reality are only possible if such a reality is explained using many possible philosophical paradigms and perspectives. Owing to such importance of ‘philosophy’ the purpose of this article is to explain the essence of ‘philosophy’, briefly describe various available research philosophical paradigms in doctoral-level research, and recommend an ideal model that would encourage Ph.D. scholars in India to carry out doctoral-level research that is aimed at improving knowledge about a reality using different research philosophical paradigms and perspectives.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Postmodernism philosophical paradigm; Inductive research approach; Observation data collection method; Longitudinal data collection time frame; Qualitative data analysis.

Findings/Result: The word ‘philosophy’ exists in the Ph.D. degree ‘by choice’ and it is indispensable in doctoral-level of scientific and scholarly research. As long as the Ph.D. scholars can understand all the available research philosophical paradigms and make mindful choices of paradigms to answer their research question they will be able to determine (on their own) all the other choices in succeeding steps of doctoral-level research such as i) research approach; ii) data collection method; iii) data collection time frame; iv) sample size; v) sampling technique; vi) data collection instrument; vii) data analysis techniques; so on.

Originality/Value: There is a vast literature about research philosophy. However, there are only a few explanations about the essence and existence of the word ‘philosophy’ in the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree program. In addition, there are only a few stakeholders in the research education system who encourage Ph.D. scholars to choose a research philosophical paradigm that is uncommon in a discipline. Through this article, we have attempted to explain the purpose of the existence of the word ‘philosophy’ in addition to recommending the CRPhP model that encourages scholars to involve all perspectives and paradigms of a reality/phenomenon leading to complete and final knowledge about that reality/phenomenon.

Paper Type: Conceptual model.

Approaching Research in Different Ways - How to Choose an Appropriate Research Approach/Reasoning During Ph.D. Program in India?

H. R. Ganesha, Aithal P. S. — Fri, 28 Oct 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: A good description, explanation, and claim about the fact/reality/truth/dependent variable/effect and a piece of complete knowledge about reality are only possible if such a reality is explained using many possible research approaches/reasoning. Owing to such importance the key purpose of this article is to explain the essence of ‘research approach/reasoning’ and various available research approaches/reasoning in doctoral-level research and recommend an ideal model that would enable Ph.D. scholars in India to carry out doctoral-level research that is aimed at improving knowledge about a reality using different research approaches/reasoning.

Findings/Result: As long as the Ph.D. scholars can understand all the available research approaches and make mindful choices of approaches to answer their research question they will be able to determine (on their own) all the other choices in succeeding steps of doctoral-level research such as i) data collection method; ii) data collection time frame; iii) sample size; iv) sampling technique; v) data collection instrument; vi) data analysis techniques.

Originality/Value: There is a vast literature about reasoning in research. However, there are only a few stakeholders in the research education system who encourage Ph.D. scholars to choose a research approach/reasoning that is uncommon in a discipline. Through this article, we have attempted to explain the purpose of reasoning in doctoral-level research in addition to recommending a decision framework that enables Ph.D. scholars to choose an appropriate research approach during Ph.D.

Paper Type: Conceptual model.

How to Represent, Write, Publish, Protect, and Publicize Research Work During Ph.D. Program in India?

H. R. Ganesha, Aithal P. S. — Fri, 11 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: Given a high level of importance to research writing and publication during the Ph.D. program. The purpose of this article is to explain i) standard rules and regulations of research writing, ii) the step-by-step process of research writing, iii) what to be covered in a research article/thesis, iv) what are all the opportunities scholars get during their Ph.D. program to publish high-quality research articles, v) the step-by-step process of publishing a research article, vi) how and when to protect intellectual properties generated by the scholars during the Ph.D. program, and most importantly vii) how to publicize the research work.

Findings/Result: As long as the Ph.D. scholars can understand the essence of scholarly research writing and publication; tactics of increasing the quality and quantity of research publications; how to protect intellectual properties generated by them during the Ph.D. program; and most importantly how to publicize their research work, they will be able to (on their own) become well-known and go-to researchers in their area of research before even completing their Ph.D. program.

Originality/Value: There is a vast literature about the writing and publication of research work. However, only a few have explained them together comprehensively which is conceivable to Ph.D. scholars and only a few have explained various opportunities scholars get during their Ph.D. program to publish research articles. In this article, we have attempted to explain how to represent, write, publish, protect, and publicize research work during the Ph.D. program and most importantly how to seamlessly integrate their Course Work, Area of Interest, Research Question, Ph.D., and Career Plan with the publication target.

Paper Type: Conceptual.

How to Complete the Ph.D. Program in Time and Without Complications in India?

H. R. Ganesha, Aithal P. S. — Fri, 11 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to i) explain every step of the Ph.D. journey along with their importance, priority, and weightage, ii) provide a Ph.D. planner template, iii) introduce a self-evaluation calculator to understand scholars’ Ph.D. progress, iv) throw some light on career opportunities for the Ph.D. holders, and v) Ph.D. holder’s responsibilities.

Findings/Result: As long as the Ph.D. scholars can understand i) which step of the Ph.D. journey is important?; ii) which step needs scholars’ efforts?; iii) which steps require external support?; iv) what are the career prospects of a Ph.D. holder; v) what are the responsibilities of a Ph.D. scholar? They will be able to complete their Ph.D. journey in time and without complications.

Originality/Value: There is a vast literature about research methodology and other aspects of the research. However, only a few have explained the step-by-step process of the Ph.D. journey. In this article, we have attempted to explain every step of the Ph.D. journey; importance, weightage, and priority of each step; career options for Ph.D. holders; responsibilities of Ph.D. scholars/holders.

Paper Type: Conceptual.

Technology for Better Business in Society

Sachin Kumar, Krishna Prasad K., Aithal P. S. — Thu, 24 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: Technology, in particular the interactions of Artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and the Internet of things (IoT), is accelerating its capacity to assist organisations in producing better results with less resources. The time it takes for a company to create a product and deliver it to a client can be sped up utilising technology while employing fewer humans. This section discusses concerns with needs-based, want-based, societal, and phantasmagorical desires. There is a bright future for technology to improve commerce in society. Here, difficulties faced by people are explored, and potential future developments are also looked at. Diverse technology generations as well as different business models and tactics have been addressed, as well as the impact of technology on society. Business and ICCT technology have been discussed, including the debate on nanotechnology and the technology adoption model.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Data have been taken independently and from research papers and primary and secondary sources.

Findings/Result: This is a paper for technology over business model for doing Better Business in Society.

Originality/Value: This paper provides an introductory discussion on the use of ICCT and Nanotechnology as general-purpose technology for Better Business in Society. A generic architecture is also available, which looks at Technology for Better Business in Society research proposals and is helpful for technical.

Paper Type: Exploratory research.

ಅಳಿವಿನ ಅಂಚಿನಲ್ಲಿರುವ ರಂಗಭೂಮಿ (ಬಣ್ಣ ಮಾಸಿದ ಬದುಕು)

ಶಿವರಾಜ್ ಜಿ, ರಾಜಶೇಖರ ಜಮದಂಡಿ — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

ಉದ್ದೇಶ: ನಾಟಕ ಕೇವಲ ನಾಟಕ ಮಾತ್ರವಲ್ಲ, ಎಷ್ಠೋ ಜನರ ಬದುಕು, ನಾಟಕ ಎನ್ನುವುದು ಚರಿತ್ರೆ, ಅದೊಂದು ಕಲೆ, ಅದೊಂದು ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ… ಇಷ್ಠೆಲ್ಲವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿರುವತಹ ನಾಟಕ ಇಂದು ನಮ್ಮಿಂದ ದೂರವಾಗುತ್ತಿದೆ ಎನ್ನುವುದೇ ನೋವಿನ ಸಂಗತಿ. ಕೇವಲ ನನ್ನಿಂದ ಅಥವಾ ನನ್ನ ಲೇಖನದಿಂದ ಜಗತ್ತು ಬದಲಾವಣೆಯಾಗುತ್ತೆ ಎಂದು ನಾನೂ ಊಹಿಸುವುದಿಲ್ಲ. ಆದರೆ ಈ ನನ್ನ ಲೇಖನದಿಂದ ನಾಟಕ, ರಂಗಭೂಮಿ ಹಾಗೂ ರಂಗಕಲೆಗಳ ಮೇಲೆ ಗೌರವ ಹೆಚ್ಚಾದರೆ ಸಾಕು. ಇದರ ಜೊತೆಗೆ ನಾಟಕ ನೋಡುಗರ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ, ಓದುಗರ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಹೆಚ್ಚಾದರೆ ಸಾಕು ಎನ್ನುವುದೇ ಈ ನನ್ನ ಕಿರು ಲೇಖನದ ಉದ್ದೇಶ. ಇದರ ಜೊತೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ನಮ್ಮಿಂದ ಹಲವಾರು ಕಲೆ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಗಳೂ ಕೂಡಾ ನಮ್ಮಿಂದ ದೂರಾ ಆಗುತ್ತಿರುವ ದಿನಗಳು ಸಮೀಪಿಸುತ್ತಿವೆ. ಹೀಗೆ ದಿನ ಕಳೆದರೆ ನಮ್ಮ ಮುಂದಿನ ಪೀಳಿಗೆಗೆ ಕೇವಲ ಕಥೆಗಳು, ಫೋಟೋ ಚಿತ್ರಗಳು ಮಾತ್ರ ಉಳಿಯುತ್ತವೆ ಹೊರತು ನೇರವಾಗಿ ನೋಡಲು ಆಗುವುದಿಲ್ಲ. ನಾಗರೀಕ ಪ್ರಪಂಚದಿಂದ ನಾಟಕ ಎಂಬ ಕಲೆ ಬಹುದೂರ ಸಾಗುತ್ತಿರುವುದನ್ನು ನಾವು ಕಾಣುತ್ತಿದ್ದೇವೆ. ಇದರಿಂದ ನಾವು ಕೇವಲ ಒಂದು ಬಗೆಯ ಮನರಂಜನೆಯನ್ನು ಮಾತ್ರ ಕಳೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಿಲ್ಲ. ಇದರಿಂದ ನಾವು ನಮ್ಮ ಚರಿತ್ರೆಯನ್ನೂ ಕೂಡಾ ಕಳೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಿದ್ದೇವೆ, ಇತಿಹಾಸವನ್ನ ಕಳೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಿದ್ದೇವೆ, ಪರಂಪರೆ, ಆಚಾರ, ವಿಚಾರಗಳನ್ನು ಕಳೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಿದ್ದೇವೆ ಎಂಬುದನ್ನು ಮರೆಯುವಂತಿಲ್ಲ. ರಂಗಭೂಮಿ ನಶಿಸಿಹೋದರೆ ಕೇವಲ ನಾಟಕ ಮಾತ್ರ ನಶಿಸಿಹೋಗುವುದಿಲ್ಲ ಜೊತೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಒಳ್ಳೆ ಒಳ್ಳೆಯ ರಂಗ ಕರ್ಮಿಗಳು, ನಾಟಕ ರಚನೆಕಾರರು, ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನರು, ಹೀಗೆ ಹಲವಾರು ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತ ಜೀವಿಗಳು ನಮ್ಮಿಂದ ದೂರವಾಗಿ ಹೋಗುತ್ತರೆ. ಈಗಾಗಲೇ ಹಲವಾರು ನಾಟಕ ಕಂಪನಿಗಳು ನಮ್ಮಿಂದ ದೂರ ಆಗಿರುವ ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗಳಿವೆ. ಕರ್ನಾಟಕದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ನಾಟಕ ಕಂಪನಿ ಎಂದರೆ ಗುಬ್ಬಿ ಕಂಪನಿ ಅಂತಹ ದೊಡ್ಡ ಕಂಪನಿಯೇ ನಮ್ಮಿಂದ ದೂರ ಆಗುತ್ತಿರುವಾಗ ಅಂತಹ ಇನ್ನು ಹಲವಾರು ಸನ್ಣ ಸಣ್ಣ, ನಾಟಕ ಕಂಪನಿಗಳು ದೂರ ಆಗಿರುವ ಎಷ್ಠೋ ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗಳಿವೆ. ಅದರ ಜೊತೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ನಮ್ಮಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ನಾಟಕ ಕಾರರು ಎಂದರೆ ಶ್ರೀರಂಗ, ಚದುರಂಗ, ಕೈಲಾಸಂ, ಕಾರ್ನಾಡರು, ಲಂಕೇಶ್‌ ರಂತಹ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಪಡೆದಿರುವಂತಹ ನಾಟಕಕಾರರು ನಮ್ಮಲ್ಲಿ ಇದ್ದುದ್ದನ್ನು ನಾವು ಮರೆಯುವಂತಿಲ್ಲ.

ವಿಧಾನ: ೧) ಪೌರಾಣಿಕ ನಾಟಕ ೨) ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ನಾಟಕ ೩) ರಾಜಕೀಯ ನಾಟಕ ೪) ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ನಾಟಕ ೫) ಗಧ್ಯ ನಾಟಕ ೬) ಗೀತ ನಾಟಕ ೭) ಏಕಾಂಕ ನಾಟಕ ೮) ಬೀದಿ ನಾಟಕ ೯) ಬೀದಿ ನಾಟಕ ೧೦) ಪ್ರಹಸನ ೧೧) ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ

೧೨) ಹಾಸ್ಯ ನಾಟಕ [೧]

ಫಲಿತಾಂಶ: ಈ ನನ್ನ ಲೇಖನದ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶ ತುಂಬಾ ಬದಲಾವಣೆಯನ್ನು ನಾನು ಎದುರು ನೋಡುತ್ತೇನೆ. ಈ ನನ್ನ ಲೇಖನದಿಂದ ಒಳ್ಳೆಯ ವಿಮರ್ಶೆಗಳು ಎದುರಾಗಲಿ, ಅಥವಾ ಕೆಟ್ಟ ವಿಮರ್ಶೆ ಎದುರಾಗಲಿ ಆದರೆ, ನಮ್ಮ ನಾಡಿನ ನಾಟಕ ಎಂಬ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಉಳಿಯಲಿ. ಇದನ್ನು ಓದಿದ ಕೆಲವಿಷ್ಠು ಮಂದಿ ಅದನ್ನು ಅರಿತರೆ ಅಷ್ಠೇ ಸಾಕು. ಯಾವುದೇ ಒಂದು ವಸ್ತುವನ್ನು ಎಲ್ಲರೂ ಇಷ್ಠ ಪಡಬೇಕು ಎನ್ನುವಂತಿಲ್ಲ, ಆದರೆ ಕೆಲವಿಷ್ಠು ಜನರಿಗೆ ಇಷ್ಠವಾದಾಗ ನಾಟಕಗಳ ಕಡೆ ಒಲವು ಹೆಚ್ಚಾಗಿ ಅದು ಬೆಳೆಯುವಲ್ಲಿ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾದರೆ ಅಷ್ಠೆ ಸಾಕು.

ಮೌಲ್ಯ: ನಾಟಕಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ರೀತಿಯ ಮೌಲ್ಯಗಳನ್ನು ಕೂಡಾ ನಾವು ಕಾಣಬಹುದು, ಒಳ್ಳೆಯದು, ಕೆಟ್ಟದ್ದು, ಹಾಸ್ಯ, ದುಃಖ, ವಿಧ ವಿಧ ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನ, ನೀತಿ.. ಈ ರೀತಿಯಾಗಿ ಇನ್ನೂ ಬೇರೆ ಬೇರೆ ಮೌಲ್ಯಗಳನ್ನು ನಮಗೆ ನಾಟಕದಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಣಲು ಇರುತ್ತವೆ.

ಪ್ರಕಾರ: ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನಾ ಸಂಶೋಧನಾ.